Chapter 5 Atoms and Bonding
Section 1 Atoms, Bonding, and Periodic Table
In this section students will carry over beginning information on the periodic table covered in chapter 4 to learn how the reactivity of elements is related to valence electrons in atoms. We will review how to construct the Lewis dot structure or electron dot diagram, and review that these structures are representing the "valence electrons". Next we will tie in how the number of valence electrons relates to the elements ability to react. We will then move on to looking at how the organization of the periodic table can tell you information about atoms and the properties of elements. We did overview these trends and patterns throughout chapter 4, but we will now be taking a closer look into those overall trends.
Section 2 Ionic Bonds
Section 2 will focus on what an ion is and how ions form bonds. I will start this section with a "checkers" activity where students will have black and red checkers representing protons and electrons or positive and negative charges. Through this activity they will be able to manipulate the negative charges to form ions. An ion is formed when electrons move to other atoms and existing atoms change from a neutral charge to a positive or negative charge. Students will also learn about polyatomic ions or ions that are made of more than one atom, and will have to memorize some of the common polyatomic ion formulas for the chapter 5 test. Next students will learn how formulas and names of ionic compounds are written. Last in section 2 students will about the physical and chemical properties of ionic compounds.
Shedding Light on Ions Lab
Students will learn in section 2 that solutions containing ions can conduct electricity. In this lab students will test different variables including tap water, distilled water, sodium chloride, sodium chloride in water, milk, vegetable oil, sugar, Epsom salts, baking soda, and other materials to find out what kinds of compounds produce ions in solution. Students will construct a conductivity tester with two batteries, wire, alligator clips, copper strips, and a light bulb with socket. If the bulb lights, we have ions present in the solution that are carrying a charge to cause electricity. If the bulb does not light, there are no ions present.
Section 3 Covalent Bonds
Students will learn that a covalent bond is when atoms share electrons and covalent bonds usually occur between nonmetals. Students will then learn about the force that holds covalently bonded atoms together and how not only single bonds will form but also double and triple bonds can be formed between the atoms of nonmetals.
3-D Molecules
Students will use toothpicks, small marshmallows, and gumdrops to create ionic and covalent compounds. The toothpicks represent the bond between atoms and the marshmallow or gumdrops will represent the atom. Students will also draw in the valance electrons around each atom as a self check that they have completed the molecule correctly. I will provide students with a list of real ionic and covalent compounds and with non-existent compounds and they will have to weed out the trick formulas to complete their project.
Musical Ionic Match Up Game
To help review ionic compounds and how to write the names and formulas correctly students will play Musical Ionic Match Up. Students are given a name card with the element symbol, charge, and element name. When the music is playing students will walk around the room, when the music stops they have to find another card that their charge will match here's an example:
Person 1 Na+
Person 2 Cl-
NaCl = Sodium Chloride
The student’s goal will be to find as many new compounds as possible and will switch elements every three turns.
